SDS Self-Rating Depression Scale

Introduction

The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was developed by Zung in 1965 to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. The scale consists of 20 items covering emotional, somatic, psychomotor, and psychological aspects of depression. It is simple to use and suitable as a screening tool for depression.

Test Instructions

Please rate how you have been feeling during the past week. Choose the option that best describes your situation. Each question has four choices: A little of the time, Some of the time, Good part of the time, Most of the time.

Scoring Method

• Total Score: Sum of all 20 items, then multiply by 1.25 to get the standard score
• Positive items: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, 19 (scored normally)
• Negative items: 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20 (reverse scored)
• Severity: Standard score 53-62 = mild depression, 63-72 = moderate depression, 73+ = severe depression

Dimension Explanation

1. Emotional Symptoms：Low mood, sadness, hopelessness and other emotional experiences
2. Somatic Symptoms：Loss of appetite, sleep disorders, fatigue and other physical symptoms
3. Psychomotor Symptoms：Slow movements, sluggish thinking, poor concentration
4. Psychological Symptoms：Low self-esteem, guilt, helplessness and other psychological experiences

Notes

1. This scale is suitable for adults with depressive symptoms
2. If the standard score exceeds 53, professional help is recommended
3. This scale is for screening purposes only and cannot replace professional diagnosis

References

• Zung, W. W. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of general psychiatry, 12(1), 63-70.